PRODUCT Properties
| Melting point: | -188 °C(lit.) |
| Boiling point: | -42.1 °C(lit.) |
| Density | 0.564 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.) |
| vapor density | 1.5 (vs air) |
| vapor pressure | 190 psi ( 37.7 °C) |
| refractive index | 1.2861 |
| Flash point: | -104 °C |
| storage temp. | -20°C |
| pka | ≈ 44 (Gordon and Ford, 1972) |
| form | liquid |
| Flame Color | Blue(complete combustion); Yellow or orange(incomplete combustion) |
| biological source | rabbit |
| explosive limit | 9.5% |
| Odor Threshold | 1500ppm |
| Water Solubility | 62.61mg/L(25 ºC) |
| Merck | 13,7891 |
| BRN | 1730718 |
| Henry's Law Constant | 0.706 at 25 °C (Hine and Mookerjee, 1975) |
| Exposure limits | TLV-TWA 1000 ppm (OSHA). |
| Dielectric constant | 1.6（Ambient） |
| Stability: | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Highly flammable. May form explosive mixtures with air. |
| Cosmetics Ingredients Functions | PROPELLANT |
| LogP | 2.360 |
| Surface tension | 7.7mN/m at 293.15K |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 74-98-6(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Propane (74-98-6) |
Description and Uses
Propane is colourless and odourless, with a mercaptan odour. Like all fossil fuels, propane is a non-renewable energy source. Propane is a gas derived from natural gas and petroleum. It is found mixed with natural gas and petroleum deposits. Propane is called a ‘fossil fuel’ because it was formed millions of years ago from the remains of tiny sea animals and plants. Propane is a clean-burning, versatile fuel. It is used by nearly everyone, in homes, on farms, by business, and in industry mostly for producing heat and operating equipment. Propane is one of the many fossil fuels included in the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) family. Because propane is the type of LPG most commonly used in the United States, propane and LPG are often used synonymously. Butane is another LPG often used in lighters.
Propane has been used as a transportation fuel since its discovery. It was first used as an automobile fuel in 1913. It follows gasoline and diesel as the third most popular vehicle fuel and today powers more than half a million vehicles in the United States and 6 million worldwide. The widespread use of propane is hampered by the lack of a distribution system, but it has been used to fuel fleets of buses, taxis, and government vehicles. Also, it is heavily used to power equipment such as forklifts. Propane is cleaner burning than gasoline or diesel and has been used to reduce urban air pollution. Compared to gasoline it emits 10–40% of the carbon monoxide, 30–60% of the hydrocarbons, and 60–90% of the carbon dioxide. An advantage of cleaner burning propane is that engine maintenance is improved because of lower engine deposits and fouling. Propane’s octane ratings range between 104 and 110. The lower emissions are somewhat compromised by propane’s lower energy value; propane has about 75% of the energy content of gasoline when compared by volume. Propane is separated from natural gas and is also produced during petroleum processing. Approximately 53% of the propane produced in the United States comes from the small fraction (less than 5%) found in natural gas and the remainder comes petroleum refining.
Safety
| Symbol(GHS) |  GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H317-H412 |
| Precautionary statements | P261-P272-P273-P280-P302+P352-P333+P313 |
| Hazard Codes | F+ |
| Risk Statements | 12 |
| Safety Statements | 9-16 |
| RIDADR | UN 1978 2.1 |
| OEB | A |
| OEL | TWA: 1000 ppm (1800 mg/m3) |
| WGK Germany | - |
| RTECS | TX2275000 |
| F | 4.5-31 |
| Autoignition Temperature | 842 °F |
| TSCA | TSCA listed |
| DOT Classification | 2.1 (Flammable gas) |
| HazardClass | 2.1 |
| Storage Class | 10 - Combustible liquids |
| Hazardous Substances Data | 74-98-6(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| IDLA | 2,100 ppm [10% LEL] |
